Frank Mentzer did not create the original B/X (Basic/Expert) rules—those were edited by Tom Moldvay (Basic, 1981) and David "Zeb" Cook (Expert, 1981).
All photos credited to Wayne's Books
In 1983, Frank Mentzer revised and expanded B/X into what is officially known as the BECMI edition (Basic, Expert, Companion, Master, Immortals).
Mentzer's revision featured a modular, five-box structure with iconic cover art by Larry Elmore.
Set 1: Basic Rules (Red Box, 1983)
Level Range: 1–3
Key Focus: Introduction, solo play, basic dungeon crawling.
Contents: Player's Manual (64 pages) and Dungeon Master's Rulebook (48 pages).
Features: Famous for its programmed tutorial adventure featuring Aleena the Cleric and Bargle the Infamous.
Mentzer redesigned this set specifically as a "self-teaching" system to guide complete beginners through character creation and combat step-by-step before opening into group play.
Set 2: Expert Rules (Blue Box, 1983)
Level Range: 4–14
Key Focus: Wilderness exploration, world-building, and mid-level adventuring.
Contents: Expert Rulebook (64 pages) and module X1: The Isle of Dread.
Features: Introduces hexcrawling, sea travel, wilderness encounter tables, and expanding campaign regional maps centered on TSR's "Known World" (later named Mystara).
Set 3: Companion Rules (Teal/Green Box, 1984)
Level Range: 15–25
Key Focus: Domain management, mass combat, and stronghold management.
Contents: Player's Companion (32 pages) and DM's Companion (64 pages).
Features: Shifts focus from traditional dungeon crawling to high-level realm management. Introduces the War Machine system for resolving mass battles, rules for building strongholds, prestige options (Paladins, Avengers, and Druids), and demispecies clan relics.
Set 4: Master Rules (Black Box, 1985)
Level Range: 26–36
Key Focus: Epic combat, extraplanar travel, and high-level magic.
Contents: Master Player's Book (32 pages) and Master DM's Book (64 pages).
Features: Introduces Weapon Mastery rules (giving martial weapons extra effects and damage scales based on proficiency), anti-magic, planar travel rules, high-level spells, and the explicit framework for mortal characters to pursue the path to Immortality.
Set 5: Immortals Rules (Gold Box, 1986)
Level Range: Post-36 (Godhood / Immortals)
Key Focus: Playing as divine entities and cosmic politics.
Contents: Player's Guide to Immortals (32 pages) and DM's Guide to Immortals (64 pages).
Features: Replaces traditional character statistics with Power Points, allowing characters who completed the Master quests to ascend into cosmic beings, managing spheres of power (Matter, Energy, Time, Thought, and Entropy) across the multiverse.
Moldvay B/X (1981) vs. Mentzer BECMI (1983–1986)
| Feature | Moldvay/Cook B/X (1981) | Mentzer BECMI (1983+) |
| Level Cap | Level 14 max | Level 36 + Immortality |
| Pacing & Layout | Concise, reference-heavy, fast-paced | Tutorial-driven, step-by-step self-teaching |
| Thief Progression | Skills scaled faster across 14 levels | Skills stretched across 36 levels (lowering low-level success) |
| Advanced Systems | Simple domain rules in Expert set | Adds Weapon Mastery, War Machine, and Planar rules |
| Legacy Release | Standalone books | Compiled into Aaron Allston's Rules Cyclopedia (1991) |
